21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook, edited by Dr. J. Mitchell Miller, is a comprehensive two-volume set that offers definitive overviews of 100 key topics in traditional and contemporary criminology. Designed as an authoritative reference, it serves as a foundational resource for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers initiating literature reviews. The handbook encompasses a wide range of subjects, including the discipline of criminology, correlates of crime, theories of crime and justice, measurement and research methodologies, various crime types, and the justice system's responses to crime. Each chapter follows a structured format—comprising an introduction, theory, methods, applications, comparisons, future directions, summary, bibliography, suggestions for further reading, and cross-references—facilitating easy navigation and comprehension. The content reflects the interdisciplinary nature of modern criminology, connecting theoretical frameworks with practical applications relevant to both academic and practitioner concerns in the field.